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Excerpt from Constructive Hopf's Theorem, or How to Untangle Closed Planar Curves Transformation steps: checking if two polygons are equivalent is in itself a trivial process of keeping a cumulative sum of the angles turned. The key insight comes from putting the vertices on a circle, thereby reducing polygons to combinatorial objects (the cyclic permutation of their vertices around. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.