Canadian specialist doctors are paid mainly through fee-for-service for the procedures they perform. Because physicians' decisions are the major drivers for most healthcare costs, getting the incentives right regarding the way doctors are paid is critical in ensuring Canadians receive good value for money from the healthcare system. This document looks at how doctors are paid, issues with the current system, new ways to pay doctors and hospitals, challenges with reform: balancing incentives, quality of care and physician autonomy, an alternative approach: letting specialists pay for hospital facilities, and recommendations.--Includes text from document.