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Chapter One: The molecular mechanism of dsDNA sensing through the cGAS-STING pathwayAbstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The mechanism of cGAS activation by dsDNA -- 3 The regulation of cGAS activity -- 4 The mechanism of STING activation by cGAMP -- 5 The recruitment and activation of TBK1 by STING -- 6 The recruitment and activation of IRF3 via STING -- 7 Future perspectives References -- Chapter Two: Crosstalk between CD8+ T cells and mesenchymal stromal cells in intestine homeostasis and immunity -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Classification and function of CD8+ T cells in intestine -- 3 Current understanding of intestinal mesenchymal stromal cell subsets -- 4 CD8+ T cell-intestinal mesenchymal stromal cell interaction -- 5 Methods to study the interaction of intestinal CD8+ T cell and stromal cells -- 6 Concluding remarksDeclaration of Generative AI and AI-assisted technologies in the writing process -- References -- Chapter Three: The regulation of the apoptotic pore—An immunological tightrope walk -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Regulation of the apoptotic pore -- 3 Consequences of apoptotic pore formation -- 4 Concluding remarks -- Declaration of AI and AI-assisted technologies in the writing process -- References -- Chapter Four: Germinal center versus extrafollicular responses in systemic autoimmunity: Who turns the blade on self -- Abstract -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Assumptions that led to a pathogenic interpretation of spontaneous GCs -- 3 Evidence of GC-independent systemic autoimmunity -- 4 GCs as a gatekeeper of B cell tolerance -- 5 Extrafollicular B cell responses in autoimmunity -- 6 Concluding remarks