This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Social Robotics, ICSR + BioMed 2024, held in Singapore during August 16-18, 2024. The 28 full papers included in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 102 submissions. The ICSR + BioMed 2024 conference emphasized interdisciplinary innovations in Bio-inspired, Biomedical, and Surgical Robotics.