Author Description

This volume is a collection of academic papers in science and humanities, presented during the 32nd Congress of the American Romanian Academy of Arts and Sciences. The Congress was hosted by the Wentworth Institute of Technology, in Boston, MA, between July 22-26, 2008. The papers are peer reviewed contributions, and had been written by 238 scholars coming from several continents. The American Romanian Academy (ARA) was founded in 1975 in California by a group of Romanian intellectuals residing in USA. Every year, ARA organizes a Congress that provides an open forum for intellectuals to present their ideas and achievements in the fields of Anthropology, Applied Mathematics, Biology, Chemistry, Economy, Engineering, Environment, History, Law, Linguistics, Literature, Medicine, Philosophy, Physics, Politics, and Theology. One of the highlights of the annual congress is its Proceedings which are published on an annual basis. Since its establishment ARA members included very well known personalities such as Eugen Ionesco, Virgil Gheorghiu, Mircea Eliade, George E. Palade (The Nobel Prize laureate in Physiology or Medicine 1974), and others. The current President of the Academy is Dr. Ion Paraschivoiu, J.A. Bombardier Aeronautical Chair Professor at Ecole Polytechnique de Montreal.