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It is important for us to look carefully at how the literary doctrines originated among the westerners, to show to what extent the will of the writers and critics worked in the emergence of these doctrines, and to what extent the literature preceded it as a means of expressing psychological status or social conditions that change, so the literature changes and its doctrines change. These doctrines have flourished in Western literature since the European Renaissance at the classical stability, with the prevailing artistic and intellectual foundations in it. Importance of this topic is clear in terms of its profound influence in the modern Arabic literature, as we cannot understand accurately the aspects of renewal without studying it. We use the comparative descriptive approach in this article, which is always suitable to study such topics. The modern Arab literature has been influenced by the Western literature more than ancient Arabic literature, whether by the missionaries, occupiers, merchants, and investors who arrived at Arab countries or by the scientific missions sent by Arab countries to European capitals or by Arab immigrants to the West.