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2.3.4: The Layers Of Meanings Of The Character Gui -- 2.4: Concluding Remarks -- Chapter Three: What's In A Character? Definition And Variegated Characteristics Of Gui In The Zuozhuan And Liji -- 3.1: A Preliminary Setting: Gui And Shen -- 3.2: The Character Gui In Selected Documents Other Than The Zuozhuan And Liji -- 3.2.1: Gui In The Yijing -- 3.2.1.1: Gui As Guifang -- 3.2.1.2: Gui As Ghosts/spirits -- 3.2.1.3: Gui As Knowledgeable Beings -- 3.2.1.4: Guishen As A Way Of Yinyang -- 3.2.2: Gui In The Shijing -- 3.2.2.1: Gui As Invisible Beings -- 3.2.2.2: Gui As Guifang -- 3.3: The Character Gui In The Zuozhuan -- 3.3.1: Layers Of Meanings Of The Character Gui -- 3.3.1.1: Gui As Unlicensed Ghosts/spirits -- 3.3.1.2: Gui As Ancestors -- 3.3.1.3: Gui As Ancestors In Need Of Sacrifices -- 3.3.1.4: Gui As Causes Of Diseases -- 3.3.1.5: Gui As Evil Spirits -- 3.3.1.6: Gui As Referring To A Place -- 3.3.1.7: Gui As Divine Witnesses -- 3.3.2: Layers Of Meanings Of The Phrase Guishen -- 3.3.2.1: Who And What Are Guishen? -- 3.3.2.1.1: Guishen As Ancestors -- 3.3.2.1.2: Guishen As Local Spirits Or Gods -- 3.3.2.1.3: Guishen As A Punisher -- 3.3.2.1.4: Guishen As An Assistant -- 3.3.2.1.5: Guishen As Divine Witnesses -- 3.3.2.2: Guishen, Humans And The States -- 3.3.2.2.1: Guishen And Virtues -- 3.3.2.2.2: A Sincere Attitude -- 3.3.2.2.3: The Will Of Guishen And The Duty Of Human Beings -- 3.4: The Character Gui In The Liji -- 3.4.1: Layers Of Meanings Of The Character Gui -- 3.4.1.1: Gui And Human Death -- 3.4.1.1.1: Only Dead Humans Can Be Identified As Gui -- 3.4.1.1.2: Gui And Its Related Practices -- 3.4.1.1.2.1: Gui As Indicating The Beginning Stage Of The Dead -- 3.4.1.1.2.2: A Ritual Of Repose -- 3.4.1.1.2.3: Sacrificial Vessels For The Dead -- 3.4.1.2: Gui As Ancestors -- 3.4.1.2.1: A Ritual Perspective -- 3.4.1.2.2: Relations To The Ancestors. 4.3.4: A Brief Note On The Importance Of Ghosts/spirits -- 4.4: Concluding Remarks -- Chapter Five: Folk-oriented Usages O